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Ewa Zi?ba, Gra?yna Nowak-Starz

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHARACTERISTICS OF MORPHOFUNCTIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDREN AGED 7-10

ZWI?ZEK CECH ROZWOJU FIZYCZNEGO I MOTORYCZNEGO DZIECI W WIEKU 7-10 LAT

STRESZCZENIE 
Wst?p. Rozwój cz?owieka jest wynikiem ci?g?ego oddzia?ywania czynnika sta?ego ? genotypu oraz czynnika niezwykle szybko si? zmieniaj?cego, o olbrzymiej ilo?ci komponentów otaczaj?cego go ?rodowiska. Okres wczesnoszkolny charakteryzuje si? swoist? odr?bno?ci? w wychowaniu i nauczaniu, gdy? dziecko przebywa wa?n? drog? rozwoju od dzieci?stwa po pocz?tek dorastania. Od tego jaki poziom rozwoju fizycznego i motorycznego osi?gnie, zale?e? b?dzie jego sukces w nast?pnych latach nauki i powodzenie nie tylko w szkole, ale tak?e w ?yciu. Celem prezentowanych bada? by?o ustalenie zwi?zków mi?dzy cechami jednostki, a poziomem rozwoju fizycznego, motorycznego uczniów w wieku 7?10 lat. Materia? i metody. Badania przeprowadzono w szkole podstawowej województwa ?wi?tokrzyskiego. Ogó?em przebadano 149 uczniów, w tym 79 ch?opców i 70 dziewcz?t. Pomiarami obj?to nast?puj?ce cechy: wysoko?? cia?a /B-v/, obwód klatki piersiowej na wysoko?ci xiphoidale /xi/, mas? cia?a.

SUMMARY 
Introduction. Development of humans is a result of continuous influence of an invariable factor ? genotype and an incredibly quickly variable factor, comprising a great number of components, i.e. the environment. Early school period is characterised by a peculiar distinction in raising and education, as this is the period when a child is on his or her way from childhood to the outset of adolescence. A level of morphofunctional development reached by a child affects his or her success in further education and life. The purpose of the research presented in this paper was to determine relationship between characteristics of an individual and the level of morphofunctional development in pupils aged 7?10. Materials and methods. The research was carried out in a primary school in the ?wi?tokrzyskie Province. In total, 149 pupils were examined, including 79 boys and 70 girls. The following characteristics were measured: height /B-v/, chest diameter at the xiphoidale level /xi/, body weight. For all examined characteristics, essential statistic characteristics were computed: /x?, s/ allowing for genders of examined subjects. Intergroup differences were standardized on the standard deviation of the whole examined population; Student test t0 or Cochran-Cox test C0 was applied, depending on the significance of vibration differences. The significance of vibration differences was verified with the use of Snedecor?s F test. Research results. The research subject was a phenomenon of ontogenetic development, including an assessment of the level of physical development in the aspect of pupils? functioning. Characteristics such as the level of morphofunctional development are strongly related to socioeconomic conditions. Prior to comparing specific areas of pupils? development, examined subjects? development conditions were determined. Discussion. It is evident from the analysis that pupils? socioeconomic conditions are similar and do not statistically differ from those referenced in literature. The group of children aged 7?10 included in the research departs from developmental standards for children at this age. Body height of examined boys is lower by 1.09 cm and body height of examined girls is lower by 0.30 cm than the ones provided in the standard. Significant differences were determined in the examined subjects? body weights. It is worth mentioning that 59.4 % boys and 73.6 % girls had their body weights lower than standard weights. Furthermore, differences in chest diameter were determined for the two genders. An arithmetic mean of measurements was higher by 0.79 cm (boys) and by 1.72 cm (girls) than standard values. Among the examined locomotor features, the most significant differences were determined in strength, and the least significant differences in suppleness. In the light of selected tests, examined boys and girls? fitness is average. The research undertaken suggests that there is a relationship between morphological and functional characteristics. A child in the process of development should be dealt with in the most comprehensive possible way to reflect the great number of factors that affect physical and locomotor development. Children?s development depends on social background, parents? education, a number of children in a family and the extent of characteristics physical development (body height and weight) socioeconomic factors (prosperity and pay), ect. Conclusions of the research are of great importance in practical terms, as they do not only reveal lower development indexes in a great share of examined subjects, but also a rather clear differentiation of the indexes. Conclusions are of importance not only for physical education teachers who are supposed, taking advantage of curricular requirements, to promote the development of substandard characteristics, but also for other teachers. Conclusions obtained in own research bear out the necessity of simultaneous examination of a number of conditions of children?s? development 
Key words: phisical development, morphofunctional development, ontogenetic, physical activity.